fix(security): 添加路径验证和CSV转义防止安全漏洞

src/WCTDataMiner.Core/Security/PathValidator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+
+namespace WCTDataMiner.Core.Security;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 路径验证结果
+/// </summary>
+public class PathValidationResult
+{
+    public bool IsValid { get; }
+    public string? NormalizedPath { get; }
+    public string? ErrorMessage { get; }
+
+    private PathValidationResult(bool isValid, string? normalizedPath, string? errorMessage)
+    {
+        IsValid = isValid;
+        NormalizedPath = normalizedPath;
+        ErrorMessage = errorMessage;
+    }
+
+    public static PathValidationResult Success(string normalizedPath)
+        => new(true, normalizedPath, null);
+
+    public static PathValidationResult Fail(string errorMessage)
+        => new(false, null, errorMessage);
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 路径验证器 - 防止路径遍历攻击
+/// </summary>
+public class PathValidator
+{
+    private readonly string _applicationBasePath;
+    private readonly HashSet<string> _allowedDirectories;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 默认允许的输出目录
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly string[] DefaultAllowedDirectories = ["exports", "output", "data/exports"];
+
+    public PathValidator(string applicationBasePath, IEnumerable<string>? allowedDirectories = null)
+    {
+        _applicationBasePath = Path.GetFullPath(applicationBasePath);
+        _allowedDirectories = new HashSet<string>(
+            (allowedDirectories ?? DefaultAllowedDirectories).Select(d => d.Replace('/', Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 验证输出目录路径
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="outputDir">用户输入的输出目录路径</param>
+    /// <returns>验证结果</returns>
+    public PathValidationResult ValidateOutputDirectory(string outputDir)
+    {
+        // 1. 基础验证
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDir))
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("输出目录不能为空");
+
+        // 2. 禁止的模式检查
+        var forbiddenPatterns = new[]
+        {
+            "..",           // 路径遍历
+            "~",            // 用户主目录
+            "\\\\",         // UNC 路径
+        };
+
+        foreach (var pattern in forbiddenPatterns)
+        {
+            if (outputDir.Contains(pattern))
+            {
+                return PathValidationResult.Fail($"路径包含禁止的模式: {pattern}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. 检查是否为绝对路径（Windows 和 Unix）
+        if (Path.IsPathRooted(outputDir) ||
+            Regex.IsMatch(outputDir, @"^[A-Za-z]:") || // Windows 驱动器
+            outputDir.StartsWith("/")) // Unix 绝对路径
+        {
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("仅允许相对路径");
+        }
+
+        // 4. 规范化并验证
+        string normalizedPath;
+        try
+        {
+            normalizedPath = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(_applicationBasePath, outputDir));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail($"路径格式无效: {ex.Message}");
+        }
+
+        // 5. 严格验证必须在应用目录内
+        if (!normalizedPath.StartsWith(_applicationBasePath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("路径必须在应用程序目录内");
+        }
+
+        // 6. 白名单检查
+        var relative = normalizedPath
+            .Substring(_applicationBasePath.Length)
+            .TrimStart(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);
+
+        bool inAllowedDir = _allowedDirectories
+            .Any(allowed => relative.StartsWith(allowed + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                            string.Equals(relative, allowed, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        if (!inAllowedDir)
+        {
+            var allowedList = string.Join(", ", _allowedDirectories);
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail($"输出目录必须在允许列表中: {allowedList}");
+        }
+
+        return PathValidationResult.Success(normalizedPath);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 简化版验证 - 仅检查路径安全性，不做白名单检查
+    /// </summary>
+    public PathValidationResult ValidatePathSafety(string path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("路径不能为空");
+
+        // 检查路径遍历
+        if (path.Contains(".."))
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("路径包含非法的遍历字符");
+
+        // 检查绝对路径
+        if (Path.IsPathRooted(path) ||
+            Regex.IsMatch(path, @"^[A-Za-z]:") ||
+            path.StartsWith("/"))
+        {
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("仅允许相对路径");
+        }
+
+        // 检查 UNC 路径
+        if (path.StartsWith("\\\\"))
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail("不允许 UNC 路径");
+
+        // 规范化验证
+        try
+        {
+            var normalized = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(_applicationBasePath, path));
+            if (!normalized.StartsWith(_applicationBasePath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                return PathValidationResult.Fail("路径超出应用程序目录范围");
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return PathValidationResult.Fail($"路径格式无效: {ex.Message}");
+        }
+
+        return PathValidationResult.Success(path);
+    }
+}

src/WCTDataMiner.Core/Security/SecurityConstants.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+namespace WCTDataMiner.Core.Security;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 安全相关常量定义
+/// </summary>
+public static class SecurityConstants
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 默认允许的输出目录
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly string[] DefaultAllowedExportDirectories =
+    [
+        "exports",
+        "output",
+        "data/exports",
+        "data/output"
+    ];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 路径最大长度限制
+    /// </summary>
+    public const int MaxPathLength = 260;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 文件名最大长度限制
+    /// </summary>
+    public const int MaxFileNameLength = 255;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 禁止的路径模式
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly string[] ForbiddenPathPatterns =
+    [
+        "..",           // 路径遍历
+        "~",            // 用户主目录
+        "\\\\",         // UNC 路径开始
+        "|",            // 管道字符（Windows 禁止）
+        ">",            // 重定向字符
+        "<",            // 重定向字符
+        "*",            // 通配符（用于文件名时）
+        "?"             // 通配符（用于文件名时）
+    ];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 安全的文件扩展名白名单
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly string[] AllowedExportExtensions =
+    [
+        ".csv",
+        ".json",
+        ".txt",
+        ".log"
+    ];
+}

src/WCTDataMiner.Core/Services/ExportService.cs

@@ -2,21 +2,27 @@ using System.Globalization;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using WCTDataMiner.Core.Data;
 using WCTDataMiner.Core.Models;
+using WCTDataMiner.Core.Security;
 
 namespace WCTDataMiner.Core.Services;
 
 /// <summary>
-/// 数据导出服务
+/// 数据导出服务 - 支持安全的路径验证和 RFC 4180 标准 CSV 转义
 /// </summary>
 public class ExportService
 {
     private readonly WctMinerDbContext _context;
+    private readonly ILogger<ExportService> _logger;
+    private readonly PathValidator _pathValidator;
 
-    public ExportService(WctMinerDbContext context)
+    public ExportService(WctMinerDbContext context, ILogger<ExportService> logger)
     {
         _context = context;
+        _logger = logger;
+        _pathValidator = new PathValidator(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -24,30 +30,72 @@ public class ExportService
     /// </summary>
     public async Task<string> ExportQfodToCsvAsync(string outputDir)
     {
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(outputDir);
-        var filePath = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"qfod_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.csv");
+        _logger.LogInformation("开始导出 Qfod 数据为 CSV");
 
-        var records = await _context.QfodRecords
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxPanel)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxHardware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxSoftware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.RxType)
-            .ToListAsync();
-
-        var sb = new StringBuilder();
-        // CSV Header
-        sb.AppendLine("id,scenario_id,tx_panel,tx_hardware,tx_software,rx_type,test_purpose,test_date,test_sequence,charger_index,coil_index,delta_q,current_q,raw_q,fod_type");
-
-        foreach (var r in records)
+        // 路径验证
+        var validationResult = _pathValidator.ValidateOutputDirectory(outputDir);
+        if (!validationResult.IsValid)
         {
-            sb.AppendLine($"{r.Id},{r.ScenarioId},{r.Scenario?.TxPanel?.Name},{r.Scenario?.TxHardware?.Version},{r.Scenario?.TxSoftware?.Version},{r.Scenario?.RxType?.Name},{r.Scenario?.TestPurpose},{r.Scenario?.TestDate:yyyy-MM-dd},{r.Scenario?.TestSequence},{r.ChargerIndex},{r.CoilIndex},{r.DeltaQ},{r.CurrentQ},{r.RawQ},{r.FodType}");
+            throw new ArgumentException($"无效的输出目录: {validationResult.ErrorMessage}");
         }
 
-        await File.WriteAllTextAsync(filePath, sb.ToString());
+        var safeOutputDir = validationResult.NormalizedPath!;
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(safeOutputDir);
+        var filePath = Path.Combine(safeOutputDir, $"qfod_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.csv");
+
+        // 使用流式导出避免内存问题
+        await using var writer = new StreamWriter(filePath, false, Encoding.UTF8);
+
+        // CSV Header
+        await writer.WriteLineAsync("id,scenario_id,tx_panel,tx_hardware,tx_software,rx_type,test_purpose,test_date,test_sequence,charger_index,coil_index,delta_q,current_q,raw_q,fod_type");
+
+        // 使用 Select 投影避免 N+1 查询
+        var query = _context.QfodRecords
+            .Select(r => new
+            {
+                r.Id,
+                r.ScenarioId,
+                TxPanelName = r.Scenario!.TxPanel.Name,
+                TxHardwareVersion = r.Scenario.TxHardware.Version,
+                TxSoftwareVersion = r.Scenario.TxSoftware.Version,
+                RxTypeName = r.Scenario.RxType.Name,
+                r.Scenario.TestPurpose,
+                r.Scenario.TestDate,
+                r.Scenario.TestSequence,
+                r.ChargerIndex,
+                r.CoilIndex,
+                r.DeltaQ,
+                r.CurrentQ,
+                r.RawQ,
+                r.FodType
+            })
+            .OrderBy(r => r.Id);
+
+        int count = 0;
+        await foreach (var r in query.AsAsyncEnumerable())
+        {
+            var line = string.Join(',',
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Id),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.ScenarioId),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxPanelName),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxHardwareVersion),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxSoftwareVersion),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.RxTypeName),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TestPurpose),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TestDate),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TestSequence),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.ChargerIndex),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.CoilIndex),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.DeltaQ),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.CurrentQ),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.RawQ),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.FodType)
+            );
+            await writer.WriteLineAsync(line);
+            count++;
+        }
+
+        _logger.LogInformation("Qfod CSV 导出完成: {FilePath}, 共 {Count} 条记录", filePath, count);
         return filePath;
     }
 
@@ -56,30 +104,88 @@ public class ExportService
     /// </summary>
     public async Task<string> ExportPlossToCsvAsync(string outputDir)
     {
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(outputDir);
-        var filePath = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"ploss_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.csv");
+        _logger.LogInformation("开始导出 Ploss 数据为 CSV");
 
-        var records = await _context.PlossRecords
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxPanel)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxHardware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxSoftware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.RxType)
-            .ToListAsync();
-
-        var sb = new StringBuilder();
-        // CSV Header
-        sb.AppendLine("id,scenario_id,tx_panel,tx_hardware,tx_software,rx_type,test_purpose,test_date,test_sequence,rx_type_field,rx_power,tx_power,vcoil,vin,isns,ploss,threshold,trigger_count,fod_result,protocol_type,pwm_duty,coil_index,margin");
-
-        foreach (var r in records)
+        // 路径验证
+        var validationResult = _pathValidator.ValidateOutputDirectory(outputDir);
+        if (!validationResult.IsValid)
         {
-            sb.AppendLine($"{r.Id},{r.ScenarioId},{r.Scenario?.TxPanel?.Name},{r.Scenario?.TxHardware?.Version},{r.Scenario?.TxSoftware?.Version},{r.Scenario?.RxType?.Name},{r.Scenario?.TestPurpose},{r.Scenario?.TestDate:yyyy-MM-dd},{r.Scenario?.TestSequence},{r.RxType},{r.RxPower},{r.TxPower},{r.Vcoil},{r.Vin},{r.Isns},{r.Ploss},{r.Threshold},{r.TriggerCount},{r.FodResult},{r.ProtocolType},{r.PwmDuty},{r.CoilIndex},{r.Margin}");
+            throw new ArgumentException($"无效的输出目录: {validationResult.ErrorMessage}");
         }
 
-        await File.WriteAllTextAsync(filePath, sb.ToString());
+        var safeOutputDir = validationResult.NormalizedPath!;
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(safeOutputDir);
+        var filePath = Path.Combine(safeOutputDir, $"ploss_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.csv");
+
+        // 使用流式导出避免内存问题
+        await using var writer = new StreamWriter(filePath, false, Encoding.UTF8);
+
+        // CSV Header
+        await writer.WriteLineAsync("id,scenario_id,tx_panel,tx_hardware,tx_software,rx_type,test_purpose,test_date,test_sequence,rx_type_field,rx_power,tx_power,vcoil,vin,isns,ploss,threshold,trigger_count,fod_result,protocol_type,pwm_duty,coil_index,margin");
+
+        // 使用 Select 投影避免 N+1 查询
+        var query = _context.PlossRecords
+            .Select(r => new
+            {
+                r.Id,
+                r.ScenarioId,
+                TxPanelName = r.Scenario!.TxPanel.Name,
+                TxHardwareVersion = r.Scenario.TxHardware.Version,
+                TxSoftwareVersion = r.Scenario.TxSoftware.Version,
+                RxTypeName = r.Scenario.RxType.Name,
+                r.Scenario.TestPurpose,
+                r.Scenario.TestDate,
+                r.Scenario.TestSequence,
+                r.RxType,
+                r.RxPower,
+                r.TxPower,
+                r.Vcoil,
+                r.Vin,
+                r.Isns,
+                r.Ploss,
+                r.Threshold,
+                r.TriggerCount,
+                r.FodResult,
+                r.ProtocolType,
+                r.PwmDuty,
+                r.CoilIndex,
+                Margin = r.Threshold - r.Ploss
+            })
+            .OrderBy(r => r.Id);
+
+        int count = 0;
+        await foreach (var r in query.AsAsyncEnumerable())
+        {
+            var line = string.Join(',',
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Id),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.ScenarioId),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxPanelName),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxHardwareVersion),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxSoftwareVersion),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.RxTypeName),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TestPurpose),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TestDate),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TestSequence),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.RxType),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.RxPower),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TxPower),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Vcoil),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Vin),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Isns),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Ploss),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Threshold),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.TriggerCount),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.FodResult),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.ProtocolType),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.PwmDuty),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.CoilIndex),
+                EscapeCsvField(r.Margin)
+            );
+            await writer.WriteLineAsync(line);
+            count++;
+        }
+
+        _logger.LogInformation("Ploss CSV 导出完成: {FilePath}, 共 {Count} 条记录", filePath, count);
         return filePath;
     }
 
@@ -88,18 +194,20 @@ public class ExportService
     /// </summary>
     public async Task<string> ExportQfodToJsonAsync(string outputDir)
     {
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(outputDir);
-        var filePath = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"qfod_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.json");
+        _logger.LogInformation("开始导出 Qfod 数据为 JSON");
+
+        // 路径验证
+        var validationResult = _pathValidator.ValidateOutputDirectory(outputDir);
+        if (!validationResult.IsValid)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException($"无效的输出目录: {validationResult.ErrorMessage}");
+        }
+
+        var safeOutputDir = validationResult.NormalizedPath!;
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(safeOutputDir);
+        var filePath = Path.Combine(safeOutputDir, $"qfod_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.json");
 
         var records = await _context.QfodRecords
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxPanel)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxHardware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxSoftware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.RxType)
             .Select(r => new
             {
                 r.Id,
@@ -122,6 +230,8 @@ public class ExportService
 
         var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(records, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true });
         await File.WriteAllTextAsync(filePath, json);
+
+        _logger.LogInformation("Qfod JSON 导出完成: {FilePath}, 共 {Count} 条记录", filePath, records.Count);
         return filePath;
     }
 
@@ -130,18 +240,20 @@ public class ExportService
     /// </summary>
     public async Task<string> ExportPlossToJsonAsync(string outputDir)
     {
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(outputDir);
-        var filePath = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"ploss_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.json");
+        _logger.LogInformation("开始导出 Ploss 数据为 JSON");
+
+        // 路径验证
+        var validationResult = _pathValidator.ValidateOutputDirectory(outputDir);
+        if (!validationResult.IsValid)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException($"无效的输出目录: {validationResult.ErrorMessage}");
+        }
+
+        var safeOutputDir = validationResult.NormalizedPath!;
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(safeOutputDir);
+        var filePath = Path.Combine(safeOutputDir, $"ploss_export_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.json");
 
         var records = await _context.PlossRecords
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxPanel)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxHardware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.TxSoftware)
-            .Include(r => r.Scenario)
-                .ThenInclude(s => s!.RxType)
             .Select(r => new
             {
                 r.Id,
@@ -172,6 +284,47 @@ public class ExportService
 
         var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(records, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true });
         await File.WriteAllTextAsync(filePath, json);
+
+        _logger.LogInformation("Ploss JSON 导出完成: {FilePath}, 共 {Count} 条记录", filePath, records.Count);
         return filePath;
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// RFC 4180 标准 CSV 字段转义
+    /// </summary>
+    private static string EscapeCsvField(object? value)
+    {
+        var field = value switch
+        {
+            null => string.Empty,
+            DateTime dt => dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"),
+            DateOnly d => d.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"),
+            IFormattable f => f.ToString(null, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
+            _ => value.ToString() ?? string.Empty
+        };
+
+        // 单次扫描检测所有特殊字符
+        bool needsEscape = false;
+        foreach (char c in field)
+        {
+            if (c == ',' || c == '"' || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
+            {
+                needsEscape = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!needsEscape) return field;
+
+        // 使用 StringBuilder 避免多次字符串分配
+        var sb = new StringBuilder(field.Length + 10);
+        sb.Append('"');
+        foreach (char c in field)
+        {
+            if (c == '"') sb.Append("\"\"");
+            else sb.Append(c);
+        }
+        sb.Append('"');
+        return sb.ToString();
+    }
 }